History of Information (VII)

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The Internet is defined as the worldwide interconnection of individual networks operated by government, industry, academia, and private parties. http://www.internetworldstats.com/emarketing.htm

Internet Growth Statistics - Global Village Online

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http://www.history-magazine.com/libraries.html

History Magazine

While most modern libraries spend more time and money on collections than ornamentation, some institutions, such as the Library of Congress, still aspire to ancient standards of architectural splendor.
Library by Boltron on Flickr Libraries have a reputation for being oh-so-boring places you visit only when you absolutely must. But on the contrary, these all-inclusive establishments are your friendly neighborhood cultural catchalls, holding the historical relics, documented research and readings of communities, governments and entire societies, dating back decades and sometimes even centuries or millenniums. http://www.zencollegelife.com/the-history-of-libraries-through-the-ages/

The History of Libraries Through the Ages

Mosaic 1.0 running under System 7.1 , displaying the Mosaic Communications Corporation (later Netscape ) website. Mosaic is the web browser credited with popularizing the World Wide Web . It was also a client for earlier protocols such as FTP , NNTP , and gopher .

Mosaic (web browser) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosaic_(web_browser)

Tim Berners-Lee

http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ A graduate of Oxford University, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, an internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing while at CERN , the European Particle Physics Laboratory, in 1989. He wrote the first web client and server in 1990. His specifications of URIs, HTTP and HTML were refined as Web technology spread. He is the 3Com Founders Professor of Engineering in the School of Engineering with a joint appointment in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence ( CSAIL ) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) where he also heads the Decentralized Information Group (DIG) .

Does Google Violate Its 'Don't Be Evil' Motto? : NPR

As Internet search engine Google has exploded in popularity — adding new applications all the time — it also has sparked concerns about privacy, security and censorship online. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=97216369
http://chronicle.com/article/Googles-Book-Search-A/48245/ By Geoffrey Nunberg Whether the Google books settlement passes muster with the U.S. District Court and the Justice Department, Google's book search is clearly on track to becoming the world's largest digital library. No less important, it is also almost certain to be the last one. Google's five-year head start and its relationships with libraries and publishers give it an effective monopoly: No competitor will be able to come after it on the same scale. Nor is technology going to lower the cost of entry.

Google's Book Search: A Disaster for Scholars - The Chronicle Review - The Chronicle of Higher Education

As Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, Dr. http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/3881/

As We May Think - Magazine - The Atlantic

postal system , the institution—almost invariably under the control of a government or quasi-government agency—that makes it possible for any person to send a letter , packet, or parcel to any addressee, in the same country or abroad, in the expectation that it will be conveyed according to certain established standards of regularity, speed, and security.

postal system :: History -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia

Empowering Publics: Information Technology and Democratization in the Arab World-Lessons from Internet Cafe's and Beyond by Deborah Wheeler :: SSRN

With the increasing diffusion of the Internet, especially in authoritarian societies, scholars have sought to identify this technology's effects on politics at the grass roots. By analyzing newly collected ethnographic data on the meanings of the Internet for everyday people and politics in the Arab World, this paper questions whether or not we are likely to see a shift towards enhanced civic engagement and demands on the state in the region as more and more citizens become Internet users. The data analyzed for this article were collected during 5 months of Internet cafe research in Jordan and Egypt during January-May 2004.