History of Information (VII)
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History Magazine
THE COLLECTION OF written knowledge in some sort of repository is a practice as old as civilization itself.Library by Boltron on Flickr Libraries have a reputation for being oh-so-boring places you visit only when you absolutely must. But on the contrary, these all-inclusive establishments are your friendly neighborhood cultural catchalls, holding the historical relics, documented research and readings of communities, governments and entire societies, dating back decades and sometimes even centuries or millenniums.
The History of Libraries Through the Ages
NCSA Mosaic , or simply Mosaic , is the web browser credited with popularizing the World Wide Web . It was also a client for earlier protocols such as FTP , NNTP , and gopher . The browser was named for its support of multiple internet protocols. [ 3 ] Its intuitive interface, reliability, Windows port and simple installation all contributed to its popularity within the web, as well as on Microsoft computers [ 4 ] Mosaic was also the first browser to display images inline with text instead of displaying images in a separate window. [ 5 ] While often described as the first graphical web browser, Mosaic was preceded by WorldWideWeb and the lesser-known Erwise [ 6 ] and ViolaWWW .
Mosaic (web browser)
Tim Berners-Lee
Biography A graduate of Oxford University, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, an internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing while at CERN , the European Particle Physics Laboratory, in 1989. He wrote the first web client and server in 1990. His specifications of URIs, HTTP and HTML were refined as Web technology spread.
By Geoffrey Nunberg Whether the Google books settlement passes muster with the U.S. District Court and the Justice Department, Google's book search is clearly on track to becoming the world's largest digital library. No less important, it is also almost certain to be the last one. Google's five-year head start and its relationships with libraries and publishers give it an effective monopoly: No competitor will be able to come after it on the same scale. Nor is technology going to lower the cost of entry.
Google's Book Search: A Disaster for Scholars - The Chronicle Review
As Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, Dr. Vannevar Bush has coordinated the activities of some six thousand leading American scientists in the application of science to warfare.
As We May Think - Magazine
Empowering Publics: Information Technology and Democratization in the Arab World-Lessons from Internet Cafe's and Beyond by Deborah Wheeler
With the increasing diffusion of the Internet, especially in authoritarian societies, scholars have sought to identify this technology's effects on politics at the grass roots. By analyzing newly collected ethnographic data on the meanings of the Internet for everyday people and politics in the Arab World, this paper questions whether or not we are likely to see a shift towards enhanced civic engagement and demands on the state in the region as more and more citizens become Internet users. The data analyzed for this article were collected during 5 months of Internet cafe research in Jordan and Egypt during January-May 2004.
Cairo’s Roundabout Revolution
IT has become fashionable to refer to the 18-day Egyptian uprising as the “Facebook revolution,” much to the dismay of the protesters who riveted the world with their bravery in Cairo’s Tahrir Square. But revolutions do not happen in cyberspace, even if they start there. What happened in Tahrir Square during the revolution and the protests happening there now show that even in the 21st century, public space remains the most important arena for dissent and social change.
History of statistics
The History of statistics can be said to start around 1749 although, over time, there have been changes to the interpretation of the word statistics . In early times, the meaning was restricted to information about states . This was later extended to include all collections of information of all types, and later still it was extended to include the analysis and interpretation of such data.
Thomas John Watson, Sr. (February 17, 1874 – June 19, 1956) was the chairman and CEO of International Business Machines (IBM), [ 1 ] who oversaw that company's growth into an international force from 1914 to 1956. Watson developed IBM's distinctive management style and corporate culture, and turned the company into a highly-effective selling organization, based largely around punched card tabulating machines .
Thomas J. Watson
William Shockley
William Bradford Shockley Jr.Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852), born Augusta Ada Byron and now commonly known as Ada Lovelace , was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage 's early mechanical general-purpose computer , the Analytical Engine . Her notes on the engine include what is recognized as the first algorithm intended to be processed by a machine. Because of this, she is often considered the world's first computer programmer . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] She was born 10 December 1815 as the only legitimate child to the poet Lord Byron and his wife Anne Isabella Byron – all of his other children were born out of wedlock. [ 4 ] Byron separated from his wife a month after Ada was born and left England forever four months later, eventually dying of disease in the Greek War of Independence when Ada was only eight years old.