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Geomancy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Geomantic instrument, Egypt or Syria , 1241–42 CE, by Muhammad ibn Khutlukh al Mawsuli. When turning the dials, random designs of dots would appear, which were then interpreted. British Museum . Geomancy ( Greek : γεωμαντεία, "earth divination") is a method of divination that interprets markings on the ground or the patterns formed by tossed handfuls of soil , rocks , or sand . The most prevalent form of divinatory geomancy involves interpreting a series of 16 figures formed by a randomized process that involves recursion followed by analyzing them, often augmented with astrological interpretations. Once practiced by people from all social classes , it was one of the most popular forms of divination throughout Africa and Europe in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance .
Hexagram (I Ching) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
I Ching hexagrams 00 to 77 A hexagram is a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines (爻 yáo), where each line is either Yang (an unbroken, or solid line), or Yin (broken, an open line with a gap in the center). The hexagram lines are traditionally counted from the bottom up, so the lowest line is considered line 1 while the top line is line 6. Hexagrams are formed by combining the original eight trigrams in different combinations. Each hexagram is accompanied with a description, often cryptic, akin to parables.I Ching - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The I Ching ( Wade-Giles ) or "Yì Jīng" ( pinyin ), also known as the Classic of Changes , Book of Changes and Zhouyi , is one of the oldest of the Chinese classic texts . [ 1 ] The book contains a divination system comparable to Western geomancy or the West African Ifá system; in Western cultures and modern East Asia, it is still widely used for this purpose. Traditionally, the I Ching and its hexagrams were thought to pre-date recorded history, [ 2 ] and based on traditional Chinese accounts, its origins trace back to the 3rd to the 2nd millennium BC. [ 3 ] Modern scholarship suggests that the earliest layer of the text may date from the end of the 2nd millennium BC, [ 4 ] but place doubts on the mythological aspects in the traditional accounts. [ 4 ] Some consider the I Ching' as the oldest extant book of divination, dating from 1,000 BC and before. [ 5 ] The oldest manuscript that has been found, albeit incomplete, dates back to the Warring States Period (around 475-221 BC). [ 6 ]
Hexagram 1 is named 乾 (qián), "Force". Other variations include "the creative", "strong action", "the key", and "god". Its inner (lower) trigram is ☰ (乾 qián) force = (天) heaven, and its outer (upper) trigram is the same.
List of hexagrams of the I Ching - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia