
Fallacy
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Fallacies
Dr. Michael C. Labossiere, the author of a Macintosh tutorial named Fallacy Tutorial Pro 3.0, has kindly agreed to allow the text of his work to appear on the Nizkor site, as a Nizkor Feature. It remains © Copyright 1995 Michael C.Como Distinguir Ciência de Pseudociência
Segundo Othon M. Garcia , “ ainda que cometamos um número infinito de erros, só há, na verdade, do ponto de vista lógico, duas maneiras de errar: raciocinando mal com dados corretos ou raciocinando bem com dados falsos. (Haverá certamente uma terceira maneira de errar: raciocinando mal com dados falsos ). O erro pode, portanto, resultar de um vício de forma — raciocinar mal com dados corretos — ou de matéria — raciocinar bem com dados falsos .” (1) De acordo com o mesmo autor, o que diferencia o sofisma da falácia , é que, embora ambos sejam basicamente raciocínios errados, a falácia é involuntária. Ao passo que o sofisma tem como objetivo induzir a audiência ao engano, o raciocínio falacioso decorre de uma falha de quem argumenta.
Falácias e Erros de Raciocínio
Lógica & Falácias
Introdução Há muito debate na Internet; infelizmente, grande parte dele possui péssima qualidade. O objetivo deste documento é explicar os fundamentos da argumentação lógica e possivelmente melhorar o nível dos debates em geral.Junk science - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Junk science is a term used in U.S. political and legal disputes that brands an advocate's claims about scientific data , research , or analyses as spurious. The term may convey a pejorative connotation that the advocate is driven by political, ideological, financial, or other unscientific motives. The term was first used in relation to expert testimony in civil litigation . [ citation needed ] More recently, it has been used to criticize research on the harmful environmental or public health effects of corporate activities, and occasionally in response to such criticism. "Junk science" is often counterposed to "sound science", a term used to describe studies that favor the accuser's point of view. [ 1 ] These terms have been particularly promoted by Steven Milloy and the Advancement of Sound Science Center . It is the role of political interests which distinguishes debate over junk science from discussions of pseudoscience and controversial science .Proof by intimidation (or argumentum verbosium) is a jocular phrase used mainly in mathematics to refer to a style of presenting a purported mathematical proof by giving an argument loaded with jargon and appeal to obscure results, so that the audience is simply obliged to accept it, lest they have to admit their ignorance and lack of understanding. [ 1 ] The phrase is also used when the author is an authority in his field presenting his proof to people who respect a priori his insistence that the proof is valid or when the author claims that his statement is true because it is trivial or because he simply says so.

