Pixel

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Snapshot by glance (SIDE A) - BrEaKpOiNt Party C64 demo compos. Pixel art. An example of pixel art. Pixel art is a form of digital art, created through the use of raster graphics software, where images are edited on the pixel level. Graphics in most old (or relatively limited) computer, console, graphing calculator and mobile phone video games are mostly pixel art. History[edit] The term pixel art was first published by Adele Goldberg and Robert Flegal of Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in 1982.[1] The concept, however, goes back about 10 years before that, for example in Richard Shoup's SuperPaint system in 1972, also at Xerox PARC. Some traditional art forms, such as counted-thread embroidery (including cross-stitch) and some kinds of mosaic and beadwork, are very similar to pixel art. Definition[edit] Image filters (such as blurring or alpha-blending) or tools with automatic anti-aliasing are considered[by whom?]

Techniques[edit] Here are a few parts of the above image of “The Gunk” in detail, depicting a few of the techniques involved: 1. 2. 3. Categories[edit] Voxel. A series of voxels in a stack with a single voxel shaded Illustration of a voxel grid, each containing a color value. Voxels are frequently used in the visualization and analysis of medical and scientific data. Some volumetric displays use voxels to describe their resolution. For example, a display might be able to show 512×512×512 voxels.

Rendering[edit] A volume described as voxels can be visualized either by direct volume rendering or by the extraction of polygon iso-surfaces that follow the contours of given threshold values. Both, ray-tracing and ray-casting as well as rasterisation, can be applied to voxel data to obtain 2D raster graphics to depict on a monitor. John Carmack also experimented with Voxels for the Quake III engine.[6] One such problem cited by Carmack is the lack of graphics cards designed specifically for such rendering requiring them to be software rendered, which still remains an issue with the technology to this day.

Gallery[edit] Voxel data[edit] Uses[edit] Pixel. This example shows an image with a portion greatly enlarged, in which the individual pixels are rendered as small squares and can easily be seen. A photograph of sub-pixel display elements on a laptop's LCD screen In digital imaging, a pixel, pel,[1] or picture element[2] is a physical point in a raster image, or the smallest addressable element in an all points addressable display device; so it is the smallest controllable element of a picture represented on the screen. The address of a pixel corresponds to its physical coordinates. LCD pixels are manufactured in a two-dimensional grid, and are often represented using dots or squares, but CRT pixels correspond to their timing mechanisms and sweep rates.

Etymology[edit] The word "pixel" was first published in 1965 by Frederic C. The concept of a "picture element" dates to the earliest days of television, for example as "Bildpunkt" (the German word for pixel, literally 'picture point') in the 1888 German patent of Paul Nipkow. For example: Pixel aspect ratio. Pixel aspect ratio (often abbreviated PAR) is a mathematical ratio that describes how the width of a pixel in a digital image compares to the height of that pixel. Most digital imaging systems display an image as a grid of tiny, square pixels.

However, some imaging systems, especially those that must be compatible with standard-definition television motion pictures, display an image as a grid of rectangular pixels, in which the pixel width and height are different. Pixel Aspect Ratio describes this difference. Use of pixel aspect ratio mostly involves pictures pertaining to standard-definition television and some other exceptional cases. Most other imaging systems, including those that comply with SMPTE standards and practices, use square pixels. Introduction[edit] Rearranging (solving for PAR) yields: Actual displays do not generally have non-square pixels, though digital sensors might; they are rather a mathematical abstraction used in resampling images to convert between resolutions.

Gigapixel image. A gigamacro image is a gigapixel image which is a close up or macro image. Gigapixel images may be of particular interest to the following: ArtistsAstronomersCurators and art historians, to better study artworksGenealogistsPaleantologistsGeologistsEntomologistsHealth care providers, such as pathologists, for virtual microscopy utilizing whole slide images (digitally scanned glass microscope slides, also called virtual slides)Physicists viewing the results of supercomputer simulationsViewers of satellite composite images for various purposes, including agricultural policy, land use planning, and military intelligenceVisual effects industry, where gigapixel images can enable the creation of immersive digital environments Terapixel[edit] A terapixel image is an image composed of one trillion (1012) pixels.