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Adobe Photoshop. Raster graphics editing software Photoshop's naming scheme was initially based on version numbers.

Adobe Photoshop

However, in October 2002 (following the introduction of Creative Suite branding), each new version of Photoshop was designated with "CS" plus a number; e.g., the eighth major version of Photoshop was Photoshop CS and the ninth was Photoshop CS2. Photoshop CS3 through CS6 were also distributed in two different editions: Standard and Extended. Free-form select. Free-Form Select (with synonyms) is a technique in printmaking, graphic design and image processing.

Free-form select

Coloring is a core motif in a black and white image. Free-Form Select is also understood in coloring parts of a black and white images and vice versa. Coloring a single object within a B&W environment is sometimes called Sin City effect. See also[edit] References and footnotes[edit] Zoom burst. Zoom burst is a photographic technique, attainable with zoom lenses with a manual zoom ring.

Zoom burst

Texture (visual arts) In the visual arts, texture is the perceived surface quality of a work of art.

Texture (visual arts)

It is an element of two-dimensional and three-dimensional design and is distinguished by its perceived visual and physical properties. Backlighting (lighting design) Using backlighting, this portrait is improved by not allowing the harsh sunlight to cast hot spots on the faces AND by ringing the couple with an outlining effect, thus separating them from the background.

Backlighting (lighting design)

A fill flash on the camera adds the required uniform illumination to the areas shaded from the sun. An extreme case of backlighting, at El Capitolio in Havana, with the statue's hand shielding only the sunlight proper Backlighting refers to the process of illuminating the subject from the back. In other words, the lighting instrument and the viewer are facing towards each other, with the subject in between.

Silhouette. A traditional silhouette portrait of the late 18th century Goethe facing a grave monument, cut paper, 1780 A silhouette is the image of a person, animal, object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single colour, usually black, its edges matching the outline of the subject.

Silhouette

The interior of a silhouette is featureless, and the whole is typically presented on a light background, usually white, or none at all. The silhouette differs from an outline which depicts the edge of an object in a linear form, while a silhouette appears as a solid shape. Silhouette images may be created in any visual artistic media,[1] but the term normally describes pieces of cut paper, which were then stuck to a backing in a contrasting colour, and often framed.

Color correction. This article is about color correction using lighting and camera filters.

Color correction

For video color correction in post-production, see Color grading. For color correction of still images in post-production, see Color balance. For mutual color correction of digital images, see Color mapping. Opacity (optics) The words "opacity" and "opaque" are often used as colloquial terms for objects or media with the properties described above.

Opacity (optics)

However, there is also a specific, quantitative definition of "opacity", used in astronomy, plasma physics, and other fields, given here. In this use, "opacity" is another term for the mass attenuation coefficient (or, depending on context, mass absorption coefficient, the difference is described here) Dodging and burning. An example of dodge & burn effects applied to a digital photograph.

Dodging and burning

Many modern digital image editing programs have "dodge" and "burn" tools that mimic the effect on digital images. Applications[edit] A key application of dodging and burning is to improve contrast (tonal reproduction) in film print-making; today this is better known as tone mapping in digital photography – see high dynamic range imaging. The technical issue is that natural scenes have higher dynamic range (ratio of light to dark) than can be captured by film, which in turn is greater than can be reproduced in prints.

Compressing this high dynamic range into a print either requires uniformly decreasing contrast (making tones closer together) or carefully printing different parts of an image differently so that each retains the maximum contrast – in this last, dodging and burning is a key tool. An excellent example is the photograph "Schweitzer at the Lamp" by W. Ansel Adams elevated dodging and burning to an art form. Vignetting. A vignette is often added to an image to draw interest to the center and to frame the center portion of the photo.

Vignetting

Vignetting is a common feature of photographs produced by toy cameras such as this shot taken with a Holga. This example shows both vignetting and restricted field of view (FOV). Cropping (image) Wide view, uncropped photograph Cropped version, accentuating subject. Duotone. A duotone image, made using black and blue inks in Photoshop. Duotone is a halftone reproduction of an image using the superimposition of one contrasting colour halftone (traditionally black) over another color halftone. This is most often used to bring out middle tones and highlights of an image.

The most commonly implemented colours are blue, yellow, brown and red.[1] Now due to recent advances in technology, duotones, tritones, and quadtones can be easily created using image manipulation programs. History[edit] Duotones hail from cyanotype and halftone prints. Modern use[edit] Flipped image. A flipped image or reversed image, the more formal term, is a static or moving image that is generated by a mirror-reversal of an original across a horizontal axis (a flopped image is mirrored across the vertical axis).[1] Many printmaking techniques produce images where the printed copy is reversed from the image made on the printing plate, so in a print copying another image, or a real scene or object, unless the artist deliberately creates the plate as a mirror-image of his subject, the finished print will be a mirror image of it.

Many print makers developed the skill of reversing images when making printing plates, but many prints, especially early ones, have images that are reversed. Photography[edit] Flopped image. Flopped and cropped image with badge restored A flopped image is a static or moving image that is generated by a mirror-reversal of an original across a vertical axis (as opposed to flipping across the horizontal axis). Flopping can be used to improve the subjective aesthetic appeal of the image in question. Use in advertising[edit] There are two main uses in advertising, one practical, and one subjective. On a practical level, images of cars are often flopped to ensure cars look appropriate for left-hand-drive or right-hand-drive markets. Halftone. Left: Halftone dots. Right: How the human eye would see this sort of arrangement from a sufficient distance.

Halftone is the reprographic technique that simulates continuous tone imagery through the use of dots, varying either in size, in shape or in spacing, thus generating a gradient like effect.[1] "Halftone" can also be used to refer specifically to the image that is produced by this process.[1] Where continuous tone imagery contains an infinite range of colors or greys, the halftone process reduces visual reproductions to an image that is printed with only one color of ink, in dots of differing size. This reproduction relies on a basic optical illusion—that these tiny halftone dots are blended into smooth tones by the human eye.

At a microscopic level, developed black-and-white photographic film also consists of only two colors, and not an infinite range of continuous tones. History[edit] Painting with light. In this tutorial you will learn how best to subtly integrate light and colour into a photograph. The goal when adding light digitally to any photo should be the same - to make it look convincing; as if it were actually there when the photo was taken. Here you'll learn how to achieve this effect by adding light and making it not only project from the source, but also to affect the objects that surround it. Framing (visual arts) In visual arts including cinematography, framing is a technique used to focus the viewer's attention upon the subject. Framing can make an image more aesthetically pleasing and keep the viewer's focus on the framed object(s). It can also be used as a repoussoir, to direct attention back into the scene.

It can add depth to an image, and can add interest to the picture when the frame is thematically related to the object being framed. Motion blur. Applications of motion blur[edit] Photography[edit]