Le coma, une réorganisation plus qu’une déconnexion, des réseaux cérébraux. Crédit photo : Sophie Achard Ð Petra Vertes Contrairement à ce que l’on pensait, l’état de coma s’accompagne d’une réorganisation profonde des réseaux cérébraux et non d’une déconnexion partielle ou totale. Cette découverte issue d’un travail collaboratif INSERM/CNRS pourrait aider au diagnostic différentiel des états de coma. Avec d’autres chercheurs, du CNRS et de l’Université Joseph Fourier à Grenoble, et en collaboration avec des cliniciens de Strasbourg, l’équipe Inserm de Chantal Delon-Martin (Unité 836, Grenoble) a analysé les données de 17 patients en coma aigu, dans les 3 à 18 jours qui ont suivi l’admission à l’hôpital, non traumatisés crâniens et respirant de façon autonome, à celles de 20 sujets volontaires sains. Les sujets ont tous été soumis à une IRM fonctionnelle sans tâche, de repos ; le cerveau est ainsi « découpé » en 417 régions cérébrales, corrélées deux à deux, permettant de déterminer une évolution globale du signal.
Connectivité cérébrale globale conservée. Cancers: mieux diagnostiquer avec l'imagerie moléculaire ? Les rayons X donnent des informations sur l'anatomie et la morphologie des organes et des tumeurs, mais ne permettent pas de voir le fonctionnement d'une cellule. L'IRM et toutes les techniques de scintigraphie offrent quant à elles la possibilité d'appréhender le métabolisme cellulaire. L'imagerie est ainsi passée à une nouvelle échelle.
L'imagerie moléculaire permet de localiser et de visualiser in vivo une cellule et son fonctionnement, comme le font l'histologiste et l'immuno-histochimiste, in vitro, sur des tissus morts. Cette approche offre la possibilité d'étudier un tissu vivant sans le dénaturer. Des progrès majeurs ont en effet été réalisés ces dernières années grâce aux avancées conjointes de l'ingénierie de la biologie moléculaire, de la chimie, de l'immunologie et de la génétique, aboutissant à des innovations interdisciplinaires qui influent sur les stratégies thérapeutiques. Prolifération cellulaire Vérifier l'efficacité du traitement Évaluation du risque de récidive. Glossary of Biotechnology Terms, Third Edition - Kimball Nill R Nill. Combinatorial biology. Comparison of natural and synthetic selection processes for peptide generation. In biotechnology, combinatorial biology is the creation of a large number of compounds (usually proteins or peptides) through technologies such as phage display.
Similar to combinatorial chemistry, compounds are produced by biosynthesis rather than organic chemistry. This process was developed independently by Richard A. Houghten and H. Mario Geysen in the 1980s. Combinatorial biology allows the generation and selection of the large number of ligands for high-throughput screening.[1][2] These large numbers of peptides are generated and screened by physically linking a gene encoding a protein and a copy of this protein.
Notes[edit] External links[edit] Combinatorial Biology Argonne National Laboratory: Biosciences Division. Brain Science Store on Amazon.com - The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience. Review Our concern is to open a space of possibilities in which the circulation between cognitive science and human experience can be fully appreciated and to foster the transformative possibilities of human experience in a scientific culture. (the authors) The Embodied Mind is a thoroughly original integration of cognitive science, continental philosophy, and Buddhist thought, and in its transpersonal dimension, rather beautiful. (Gordon G. Globus, M.D., Professor of Psychiatry and Philosophy, University of California, Irvine) An important book with wideranging implications for the construction of subjectivity in the Western tradition. Moreover, it is engagingly written, presenting difficult ideas and complex research programs with grace, lucidity, and style.
(N. About the Author Francisco Varela is Director of Research at the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique and Professor of Cognitive Science and Epistemology, CREA, at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. Brain Science Store on Amazon.com - Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind. Product Description How is life related to the mind? The question has long confounded philosophers and scientists, and it is this so-called explanatory gap between biological life and consciousness that Evan Thompson explores in Mind in Life. Thompson draws upon sources as diverse as molecular biology, evolutionary theory, artificial life, complex systems theory, neuroscience, psychology, Continental Phenomenology, and analytic philosophy to argue that mind and life are more continuous than has previously been accepted, and that current explanations do not adequately address the myriad facets of the biology and phenomenology of mind.
Where there is life, Thompson argues, there is mind: life and mind share common principles of self-organization, and the self-organizing features of mind are an enriched version of the self-organizing features of life. Product Details Editorial Reviews Evan Thompson has emerged as a major presence in the science of the mind. Is Mind continuous with Life? NetLogo.
Vie Artificielle. BioInformatique Imagerie. IRCCyN. Bioinformatics. Menu: Projects ● Supervision ● Publications ● Other publications Formal verification My PhD thesis adressed formal verification of embedded systems. It was defended at IRCCyN (Nantes, France) on December 13, 2007. It focused on a time extension of Petri nets incorporating the concept of clock that could be stopped and resumed: Petri nets with stopwatches. These suspension/resuming mechanisms are an integral part of preemptive scheduling policies for embedded systems, but are also at the roots of many biological regulatory networks. After my PhD, I felt the need to study the living instead of machines. That’s how I got interested in this new area of application of formal methods that are biological systems. Bio-Informatics Once I have been recruited as an Associate Professor in Computer Science at Ecole Centrale de Nantes (ECN) in 2008, I have joined the MeForBio (Formal Methods Applied to Bio-Informatics) team at IRCCyN.
On-going projects “Pays de la Loire” region funded project: GRIOTE.