England. England ( i/ˈɪŋɡlənd/) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.[1][2][3] It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies north west of England, whilst the Celtic Sea lies to the south west. The North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe.
Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain which lies in the North Atlantic. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. Toponymy The name "England" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means "land of the Angles".[10] The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages. Russia. Country spanning Europe and Asia Russia (Russian: Россия, Rossiya, [rɐˈsʲijə]), or the Russian Federation,[c] is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.
It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering 17,098,246 square kilometres (6,601,670 sq mi), and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across eleven time zones and shares land boundaries with fourteen countries. [d] It is the world's ninth-most populous country and Europe's most populous country, with a population of over 147 million people. In 1991, the Russian SFSR emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as the independent Russian Federation. Etymology History Early history Kievan Rus' In the 10th to 11th centuries, Kievan Rus' became one of the largest and most prosperous states in Europe.
Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia Imperial Russia Revolution and civil war Soviet Union World War II Cold War Geography Climate Music. Sweden. Sweden ( i/ˈswiːdən/ SWEE-dən; Swedish: Sverige [ˈsværjɛ] ( )), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. Sweden borders Norway and Finland, and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Øresund. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of about 9.7 million.[1] Sweden has a low population density of 21 inhabitants per square kilometre (54/sq mi), with the population mostly concentrated in the southern half of the country. About 85% of the population lives in urban areas.[10] Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested.
Etymology Main article: Name of Sweden The etymology of Swedes, and thus Sweden, is generally not agreed upon but may derive from Proto-Germanic Swihoniz meaning "one's own",[18] referring to one's own Germanic tribe. History Prehistory Viking and Middle Ages St. Greece. Greece (Greek: Ελλάδα, Elláda, pronounced [eˈlaða] ( )), officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία [eliniˈci ðimokraˈti.a] Ellīnikī́ Dīmokratía)[11] and known since ancient times as Hellas (Greek: Ἑλλάς), is a country in Southern Europe.[12] According to the 2011 census, Greece's population is around 11 million. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city. Modern Greece traces its roots to the civilization of Mycenaean Greece and is considered the cradle of all Western civilization.
As such, it is the birthplace of democracy,[16] Western philosophy,[17] the Olympic Games, Western literature and historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles,[18] and Western drama,[19] including both tragedy and comedy. The cultural and technological achievements of Greece greatly influenced the world, with many aspects of Greek civilization being imparted to the East through Alexander the Great's campaigns, and to the West through the Roman Empire. History. London. London i/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom.[5] It is the most populous region, urban zone and metropolitan area in the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.[6] London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) mediaeval boundaries and in 2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England.
Since at least the 19th century, the term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core.[7] The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region[8] and the Greater London administrative area,[9][note 1] governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[10] History Toponymy The etymology of London is uncertain.[37] It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century. Prehistory and antiquity Anglo-Saxon London Middle Ages Early modern. Paris. Paris (UK: /ˈpærɪs/; US: i/ˈpɛərɪs/; French: [paʁi]) is the capital and most populous city of France.
Situated on the Seine River, in the north of the country, it is in the centre of the Île-de-France region, also known as the région parisienne, "Paris region". The City of Paris has an area of 105.4 km2, and as of January 2013, a population of 2,273,305 people.[2] With an estimated 10,843,285 inhabitants as of 2015, Paris's urban area is the most populous in the European Union, and third most populous in Europe, behind Moscow and Istanbul.[6] The Paris Region has a GDP of €612 billion (US$760 billion) in 2012, ranking it as one of the wealthiest five regions in Europe; it is the banking and financial centre of France, and contains the headquarters of 30 companies in the Fortune Global 500.
Paris is known for its fashion designers and the twice-yearly Paris Fashion Week, and for its haute cuisine, and three-star restaurants. §History[edit] §Etymology[edit] §Origins[edit]