Encyclopedia Mythica: mythology, folklore, and religion. Educational Psychology. What is Educational Psychology? Nerdy definition: "The application of psychology and psychological methods to the study of development, learning, motivation, instruction, assessment, and related issues that influence the interaction of teaching and learning. " (Elliott, et.al., 2000) Plain English definition: "Trying to figure out how people learn so we can teach them more effectively. " The philosopher William James said that a knowledge of ed psych is important for three reasons: “first, to provide the underpinnings for beliefs about instruction; second, to prohibit teachers from making certain egregious errors; and third, to provide intellectual support to teachers for some of their pedagogical decisions” (Berliner, 1993).
In other words, the study of educational psychology gives us a foundation to help make better decisions about how we teach. The materials on this site will help you with the following: Apply learning theories to the resolution of teaching and learning problems. Instructional Design. Originality. Irving Maltzman conducted a number of studies that demonstrated that originality could be increased. According to Maltzman, originality refers to behavior that occurs relatively infrequently, is uncommon under given conditions, and is relevant to those conditions.
Maltzman distinquished originality from creativity, the latter referring to the consequences of original behavior (including the reaction of society to the behavior). Maltzman (1960) describes three methods that can increase original responses: (1) present an uncommon stimulus situation for which conventional responses may not be readily available, (2) evoke different responses to the same situation, and (3) evoke uncommon responses as textual responses. Maltzman used the latter approach and mentions Osborn (1957) as an example of the first two. Maltzman's research is distinctive because he was one of the few behaviorists who attempted to deal with creative behavior. Application Example Principles References.
Secret sharing. Each secret share is a plane, and the secret is the point at which three shares intersect. Two shares yield only a line intersection. Secret sharing (also called secret splitting) refers to methods for distributing a secret amongst a group of participants, each of whom is allocated a share of the secret. The secret can be reconstructed only when a sufficient number, of possibly different types, of shares are combined together; individual shares are of no use on their own. In one type of secret sharing scheme there is one dealer and n players. The dealer gives a share of the secret to the players, but only when specific conditions are fulfilled will the players be able to reconstruct the secret from their shares. The dealer accomplishes this by giving each player a share in such a way that any group of t (for threshold) or more players can together reconstruct the secret but no group of fewer than t players can. Importance of Secret Sharing Schemes[edit] Trivial secret sharing[edit] .
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