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Semiotics

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Pictogram. A pictogram, also called a pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto,[1] and also an 'icon', is an ideogram that conveys its meaning through its pictorial resemblance to a physical object.

Pictogram

Pictographs are often used in writing and graphic systems in which the characters are to a considerable extent pictorial in appearance. Pictography is a form of writing which uses representational, pictorial drawings, similarly to cuneiform and, to some extent, hieroglyphic writing, which also uses drawings as phonetic letters or determinative rhymes. In certain modern use, pictograms participate to a formal language (e.g. Hazards pictograms). Historical[edit] Early written symbols were based on pictographs (pictures which resemble what they signify) and ideograms (symbols which represent ideas). Some scientists in the field of neuropsychiatry and neuropsychology, such as Prof. Modern uses[edit] List of logic symbols. In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation.

List of logic symbols

As logicians are familiar with these symbols, they are not explained each time they are used. So, for students of logic, the following table lists many common symbols together with their name, pronunciation, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the third column contains an informal definition, and the fourth column gives a short example.

Be aware that, outside of logic, different symbols have the same meaning, and the same symbol has, depending on the context, different meanings. Basic logic symbols[edit] Advanced and rarely used logical symbols[edit] These symbols are sorted by their Unicode value: U+00B7 · middle dot, an outdated way for denoting AND,[2] still in use in electronics; for example "A·B" is the same as "A&B"·: Center dot with a line above it. Note that the following operators are rarely supported by natively installed fonts. Poland and Germany[edit] and the existential quantifier as . Double turnstile. Or , which has a single bar across the middle.

Double turnstile

It is often read as "entails", "models", "is a semantic consequence of" or "is stronger than".[1] In TeX, the turnstile symbols and are obtained from the commands \vDash and \models respectively. In Unicode it is encoded at U+22A8 ⊨ true (HTML: ⊨) In LaTeX there is the turnstile package, which issues this sign in many ways, including the double turnstile, and is capable of putting labels below or above it, in the correct places. Meaning[edit] The double turnstile is a binary relation. See also[edit] References[edit] Jump up ^ Nederpelt, Rob (2004).

Semiotics. Semiotics frequently is seen as having important anthropological dimensions; for example, Umberto Eco proposes that every cultural phenomenon may be studied as communication.[2] Some semioticians focus on the logical dimensions of the science, however.

Semiotics

They examine areas belonging also to the life sciences – such as how organisms make predictions about, and adapt to, their semiotic niche in the world (see semiosis). In general, semiotic theories take signs or sign systems as their object of study: the communication of information in living organisms is covered in biosemiotics (including zoosemiotics). Syntactics is the branch of semiotics that deals with the formal properties of signs and symbols.[3] More precisely, syntactics deals with the "rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences".[4] Terminology[edit] Ferdinand de Saussure, however, founded his semiotics, which he called semiology, in the social sciences: History[edit] Formulations[edit] Branches[edit]