Logical Fallacies and How to Spot Them. Logical Fallacies and How to Spot Them In the Evolution vs. Creationism debate, it is important to be able to spot all the logical fallacies that Creationists tend to throw around. This essay covers many bare essentials of logical thinking, as well as ways to critically evaluate an argument. The logical fallacies listed here are the ones most often used by Creationists, although Creationists have, to date, used almost every single logical fallacy in existence to "prove" their case. Each fallacy will have its own little paragraph, describing it, why it is fallacious and how to counter it.
Enjoy! THE STRAWMAN ATTACK: The strawman is, perhaps, the most heavily-employed tactic used by Creationists. "Evolution is a ridiculous theory! This is an example of a strawman attack. Spotting a strawman attack isn't that hard. Strawman attacks, once exposed for what they are, are not all that difficult to counter. If you look carefully, you'll also notice the strawman attack. This one's not hard. Squashed Philosophers- Condensed Plato Ari. Gaia theory (science) - Wikipedia, the fre. The study of planetary habitability is partly based upon extrapolation from knowledge of the Earth's conditions, as the Earth is the only planet currently known to harbour life The Gaia hypothesis, also known as Gaia theory or Gaia principle, proposes that organisms interact with their inorganic surroundings on Earth to form a self-regulating, complex system that contributes to maintaining the conditions for life on the planet.
Topics of interest include how the biosphere and the evolution of life forms affect the stability of global temperature, ocean salinity, oxygen in the atmosphere and other environmental variables that affect the habitability of Earth. Introduction[edit] Less accepted versions of the hypothesis claim that changes in the biosphere are brought about through the coordination of living organisms and maintain those conditions through homeostasis.
Details[edit] Regulation of the salinity in the oceans[edit] Regulation of oxygen in the atmosphere[edit] Processing of CO2[edit] Essentials of Buddhism - core concept. Mind &Life Institute. The Universal Law of Leverage. Saturday, October 10, 2008 Statistics suggest that most successful startup founders have three failures under their belt before they make it big. It doesn't have to be that way. While nothing can replace hard-earned experience, people can and do learn from other people's mistakes. I'm a firm believer that a couple of simple (in hindsight) lessons can significantly increase the overall success rate. In this article I want to talk about leverage.
The probability of you getting leverage in a given situation is inversely proportional to how much you need it. This isn't a philosophical statement at all. The inverse of this also tends to be true. This is a fairly simple concept, and yet, every day people start companies with business plans that depend on cooperation of key suppliers, or outside funding, or a chain of other highly unlikely events. Big Breaks "But wait a minute! " The first problem, is that most people that appear to have gotten a big break, actually didn't. Learning To Fly. Philosophy since the Enlightenment, by Roger Jones. Overcoming Bias: Scientific Evidence, Legal Evidence, Rational E. Suppose that your good friend, the police commissioner, tells you in strictest confidence that the crime kingpin of your city is Wulky Wilkinsen.
As a rationalist, are you licensed to believe this statement? Put it this way: if you go ahead and mess around with Wulky's teenage daughter, I'd call you foolhardy. Since it is prudent to act as if Wulky has a substantially higher-than-default probability of being a crime boss, the police commissioner's statement must have been strong Bayesian evidence. Our legal system will not imprison Wulky on the basis of the police commissioner's statement. It is not admissible as legal evidence. Maybe if you locked up every person accused of being a crime boss by a police commissioner, you'd initially catch a lot of crime bosses, plus some people that a police commissioner didn't like. This does not mean that the police commissioner's statement is not rational evidence. Like a court system, science as a social process is made up of fallible humans.