The Linux Kernel. Linux lvm - Logical Volume Manager. This article describes a basic logic behind a Linux logical volume manager by showing real examples of configuration and usage. Although Debian Linux will be used for this tutorial, you can also apply the same command line syntax with other Linux distributions such as Red Hat, Mandriva, SuSe Linux and others. For this Linux lvm example you need an unpartitioned hard disk /dev/sdb. First you need to create physical volumes.
To do this you need partitions or a whole disk. It is possible to run pvcreate command on /dev/sdb, but I prefer to use partitions and from partitions I later create physical volumes. Use your preferred partitioning tool to create partitions. Partitions are ready to use. Use the pvcreate command to create physical volumes. # pvcreate /dev/sdb1# pvcreate /dev/sdb2 The pvdisplay command displays all physical volumes on your system. # pvdisplay Alternatively the following command should be used: # pvdisplay /dev/sdb1 # vgcreate mynew_vg /dev/sdb1 # vgextend mynew_vg /dev/sdb2.
Anatomy of the Linux kernel. History and architectural decomposition M. Tim JonesPublished on June 06, 2007 Given that the goal of this article is to introduce you to the Linux kernel and explore its architecture and major components, let's start with a short tour of Linux kernel history, then look at the Linux kernel architecture from 30,000 feet, and, finally, examine its major subsystems.
The Linux kernel is over six million lines of code, so this introduction is not exhaustive. Use the pointers to more content to dig in further. A short tour of Linux history Linux or GNU/Linux? You've probably noticed that Linux as an operating system is referred to in some cases as "Linux" and in others as "GNU/Linux. " While Linux is arguably the most popular open source operating system, its history is actually quite short considering the timeline of operating systems.
Twenty years later, Andrew Tanenbaum created a microkernel version of UNIX®, called MINIX (for minimal UNIX), that ran on small personal computers. Figure 1. Kernel_compilation. Tuning the Linux kernel for more aggressive network throughput. Linux command list. Hardware commands. 6 Stages of Linux Boot Process (Startup Sequence) By Ramesh Natarajan on February 7, 2011 Press the power button on your system, and after few moments you see the Linux login prompt.
Have you ever wondered what happens behind the scenes from the time you press the power button until the Linux login prompt appears? The following are the 6 high level stages of a typical Linux boot process. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output SystemPerforms some system integrity checksSearches, loads, and executes the boot loader program.It looks for boot loader in floppy, cd-rom, or hard drive. You can press a key (typically F12 of F2, but it depends on your system) during the BIOS startup to change the boot sequence.Once the boot loader program is detected and loaded into the memory, BIOS gives the control to it.So, in simple terms BIOS loads and executes the MBR boot loader.
MBR stands for Master Boot Record.It is located in the 1st sector of the bootable disk. 4. 5. 6. When the Linux system is booting up, you might see various services getting started. Vmlinuz Definition. Vmlinuz is the name of the Linux kernel executable. A kernel is a program that constitutes the central core of a computer operating system. It is the first thing that is loaded into memory (which physically consists of RAM chips) when a computer is booted up (i.e., started), and it remains in memory for the entire time that the computer is in operation. An executable, also called an executable file, is a file that can be run as a program. vmlinuz is a compressed Linux kernel, and it is bootable.
Bootable means that it is capable of loading the operating system into memory so that the computer becomes usable and application programs can be run. vmlinuz should not be confused with vmlinux, which is the kernel in a non-compressed and non-bootable form. vmlinux is generally just an intermediate step to producing vmlinuz. vmlinuz is located in the /boot directory, which is the directory that contains the files needed to begin booting the system. Ls -l /boot make bzImage.