Ecology. Ecology is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology and Earth science. The word "ecology" ("Ökologie") was coined in 1866 by the German scientist Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919). Ancient Greek philosophers such as Hippocrates and Aristotle laid the foundations of ecology in their studies on natural history. Modern ecology transformed into a more rigorous science in the late 19th century. Evolutionary concepts on adaptation and natural selection became cornerstones of modern ecological theory. Ecology is not synonymous with environment, environmentalism, natural history, or environmental science. It is closely related to evolutionary biology, genetics, and ethology. Ecology is a human science as well. Integrative levels, scope, and scale of organization[edit] Hierarchical ecology[edit] System behaviors must first be arrayed into different levels of organization.
O'Neill et al. (1986)[5]:76 Biodiversity[edit] Biodiversity refers to the variety of life and its processes. Habitat[edit] Atmosphere, Ocean and Environmental Change with Ron Smith. Law 270.7 - Renewable Energy & Alternative Fuels - Fall 2008. Law 271.71 - International Environmental Law - Spring 2009. Law 271, Environmental Law and Policy - Fall 2009. Law 272.3 - Climate Change and the Law - Fall 2008.